Laser "carving" dheeman: ku guulaysta walxaha ugu adag iftiinka
Dheemanwaa walaxda ugu adag ee dabiiciga ah, laakiin ma aha oo kaliya dahabka. Qalabkani waxa uu leeyahay kulaylka kulaylka shan jeer ka dheereeya naxaasta, waxa uu u adkeysan karaa kulayl aad u badan iyo shucaac, waxa uu gudbin karaa iftiinka, dabooli kara, xitaa waxa loo bedeli karaa semiconductor. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa kuwan "awoodda ugu weyn" kuwa ka dhigaya dheeman "maaddada ugu adag" si loo farsameeyo - qalab dhaqameed ama ma gooyn karaan ama ka tagi karaan dildilaaca. Ma ahayn ilaa imaatinka tignoolajiyada laysarka in aadanuhu ugu dambeyntii heleen fure si ay u qabsadaan "boqorka qalabka".
Waa maxay sababta laysarka u "gooyn" dheeman?
Bal qiyaas adigoo isticmaalaya muraayada weynaynta si aad diiradda u saarto iftiinka qorraxda si aad u shido warqad. Mabda'a dheeman farsamaynta laser waa la mid, laakiin aad u sax ah. Marka laydhka tamarta sare leh uu iftiimiyo dheeman, microscopic "metamorphosis atom kaarboon" ayaa dhacaya:
1. Dheeman waxay isu beddeshaa graphite: Tamarta laysarka waxa ay beddeshaa qaabka dheemanta sare (sp³) oo u beddelaa garaaf ahaan jilicsan (sp²), sida dheemanku isla markiiba “ku xumaado” una beddelo rasaasta qalin qalin.
2. Graphite "waa la uumi baxay": lakabka garaafka ayaa hoos u dhiga heerkul sare ama waxaa ku dhejiyay ogsijiin, taasoo ka tagaysa calaamado sax ah. 3. Horumarka muhiimka ah: cilladaha Aragti ahaan, dheeman qumman waxaa lagu farsamayn karaa oo keliya laser ultraviolet (mawjadaha dhererka <229 nm), laakiin dhab ahaantii, dheemanka macmalka ah ayaa had iyo jeer leh cillado yaryar (sida wasakhda iyo xuduudaha hadhuudhka). Cilladahani waxay la mid yihiin "godadka" u oggolaanaya iftiinka cagaaran ee caadiga ah (532 nm) ama laser infrared (1064 nm) in la nuugo. Saynis yahanadu waxay xitaa ku amri karaan laysarka inuu ku xardho qaab gaar ah dheemanka iyagoo nidaaminaya qaybinta cilladda.
Nooca laser: Kobcinta "foornada" una gudubta "middi barafka"
Habaynta Laser-ku waxay isku daraysaa nidaamyada kontoroolka tirada kumbuyuutarka, nidaamyada indhaha ee horumarsan, iyo meelaynta shaqada saxda ah ee saxda ah iyo iswada si loo sameeyo xarun cilmi baaris iyo wax soo saar. Codsaday processing dheeman, waxa ay gaari kartaa processing hufan oo sare-sax.
1. Microsecond laser processing Microsecond laser ballaca garaaca wadnaha waa ballaaran oo sida caadiga ah ku haboon processing qallafsan. Kahor soo ifbaxa tignoolajiyada qufulka habka, garaaca laysarka waxay ku jireen inta u dhaxaysa microsecond iyo nanosecond. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa jira warbixino yar oo ku saabsan habka dheemanka tooska ah ee leysarka microsecond, badankooduna waxay diiradda saaraan goobta codsiga wax-qabadka ee dambe.
2. Nanosecond laser processing Nanosecond lasers hadda waxay ku jiraan saami weyn oo suuqa ah waxayna leeyihiin faa'iidooyinka xasilloonida wanaagsan, kharash yar, iyo waqti-gaaban. Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa wax soo saarka ganacsiga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, habka ablation laser naosecond ayaa si heerkul ah u burburinaya saamiga, iyo muujinta macroscopic waa in farsamaynta ay soo saarto aag weyn oo kuleyl ah.
3. Habaynta laser Picosecond Processing laser wuxuu u dhexeeyaa nanosecond laser thermal equilibrium ablation and femtosecond laser hering processing. Muddada garaaca wadnaha ayaa si weyn loo dhimay, taas oo si weyn u yaraynaysa waxyeelada ay keento aagga kuleylku saameeyay.
4. Femtosecond Laser farsamaynta Tiknoolajiyada Laser Ultrafast waxay keenaysaa fursado loogu talagalay farsamaynta ganaaxa dheeman, laakiin qiimaha sare iyo kharashka dayactirka ee laser-ka-femtosecond waxay xaddidaysaa kor u qaadista hababka wax-qabadka. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, cilmi-baarista ugu badan ee la xiriirta waxay ku sii jirtaa heerka shaybaarka.
Gabagabo
Laga soo bilaabo "aan la jari karin" ilaa "in la xardho doonista", tignoolajiyada laysarka ayaa samaysaydheeman hadda ma ahan "vase" ku xayiran shaybaarka. Dib-u-soo-celinta tignoolajiyada, mustaqbalka waxa laga yaabaa inaan aragno: chips-ka dheemanka ah ee baabi'inaya kulaylka talefannada gacanta, kumbiyuutarrada quantum oo isticmaalaya dheeman si ay u kaydiyaan macluumaadka, iyo xitaa biosensors dheeman ah oo lagu dhex beeray jidhka bini'aadamka… Qoob ka ciyaarka iftiinka iyo dheemanka ayaa beddelaya nolosheena.